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1993-05-03
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PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109. TELEPHONE (818) 354-5011
Contact: James H. Wilson
EMBARGOED UNTIL 5:01 p.m. PDT APRIL 14, 1993
Ozone-destroying forms of chlorine existed for much longer
in the Arctic stratosphere this winter than last, according to
scientists at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Northern Hemisphere ozone abundance was also observed to be
about 10 percent below that measured during the same period last
year, with some regions 20 percent lower.
Using their microwave limb sounder aboard NASA's Upper
Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) launched in September 1991,
Dr. Joe Waters and his colleagues at JPL and Edinburgh University
have collected daily maps of ozone and other gases and of
temperature in different layers of the stratosphere. One of
their most critical measurements is chlorine monoxide, a form of
chlorine that destroys ozone. They reported results in the
international scientific journal Nature.
"Ozone in the Arctic in a layer about 20 kilometers (12
miles or 66,000 feet) high, where most chlorine monoxide was
located, decreased by 0.7 percent per day from mid-February
through early March 1993," Waters said. Ozone normally increases
in this area at this time of year, he added.
Chlorine already in the stratosphere, from industrial
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), is converted to ozone-destroying
forms by chemistry occurring on clouds which form at low
temperature.
Last year the scientists measured large abundances of
chlorine monoxide in the Arctic, but the abundance decreased
after the stratosphere warmed in late January. This winter the
stratosphere remained cold through February, and chlorine
monoxide remained abundant through early March. About as much
chlorine monoxide was seen in the north in February 1993 as was
measured in the south before the 1992 Antarctic ozone hole
formed.
"We do not see an obvious Arctic ozone hole," Waters said,
"but the smaller abundances seen throughout the Northern
Hemisphere this winter raise the question of whether the chlorine
destruction of ozone has been diluted over a wide area." Record
low values of ozone have also been reported recently by the
World Meteorological Organization and Environment Canada.
The microwave limb sounder was developed and is operated by
a team at JPL, led by Waters and sponsored by NASA, with
additional members at Edinburgh University, Heriot-Watt
University and the Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory, in the United
Kingdom. The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, launched Sept.
12, 1991, is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
#####
4-12-93 JHW
#1505